Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common yet misunderstood hormonal conditions affecting women today. Many women live with symptoms for years without realizing that PCOS could be the underlying cause. From irregular periods and weight gain to difficulty conceiving, PCOS can impact both physical health and emotional well-being.
At Deepa Hospital in Chennai, we frequently see women seeking answers after months or even years of confusion. The good news is that PCOS is treatable, and with proper medical care and lifestyle changes, most women can live healthy, fulfilling lives.
This blog explains PCOS in a clear, patient-friendly way—covering its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and how it affects fertility.
What Is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of androgens (male hormones), which can interfere with ovulation.
Despite the name, not all women with PCOS have ovarian cysts. The condition is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, hormone levels, and imaging findings.
PCOS affects:
- Menstrual cycles
- Ovulation and fertility
- Hormone balance
- Metabolism and insulin levels
How Common Is PCOS? Latest Statistics & Insights
PCOS is more common than many people realize.
- Globally, PCOS affects approximately 8–13% of women of reproductive age.
- In India, recent studies suggest that 20–30% of women, particularly in urban areas, show symptoms or diagnostic features of PCOS.
- PCOS is one of the leading causes of ovulatory infertility worldwide.
Lifestyle changes, stress, sedentary habits, and dietary patterns are believed to contribute to the rising prevalence of PCOS among young women and adolescents.
What Causes PCOS?
There is no single cause of PCOS. Instead, it develops due to a combination of factors:
1. Hormonal Imbalance
Women with PCOS often have elevated androgen levels, which can disrupt ovulation and cause symptoms like acne and excess hair growth.
2. Insulin Resistance
Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning the body does not use insulin effectively. This leads to higher insulin levels, which can increase androgen production and worsen symptoms.
3. Genetic Factors
PCOS often runs in families. If your mother or sister has PCOS, your risk may be higher.
4. Lifestyle Factors
Unhealthy diet patterns, lack of physical activity, stress, and weight gain can contribute to hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance.
5. Chronic Inflammation
Low-grade inflammation has been linked to increased androgen production in women with PCOS.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
PCOS symptoms vary from woman to woman. Some experience mild symptoms, while others face multiple challenges.
Menstrual Symptoms
- Irregular periods
- Missed or infrequent cycles
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding
Physical Symptoms
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Acne or oily skin
- Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
- Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
- Dark patches of skin (neck, underarms)
Reproductive Symptoms
- Difficulty ovulating
- Ovarian cysts seen on ultrasound
- Challenges with conception
Recognizing these symptoms early can help prevent long-term complications.
How Does PCOS Affect Fertility?
PCOS is closely linked to fertility issues, but it does not mean infertility is permanent.
How PCOS Impacts Fertility
- Irregular ovulation or no ovulation
- Hormonal imbalance affecting egg quality
- Increased risk of miscarriage in some cases
- Insulin resistance affecting reproductive hormones
Positive News
With timely treatment and lifestyle changes, many women with PCOS conceive naturally or with medical support. Fertility outcomes are often very good when PCOS is managed properly.
At Deepa Hospital, fertility care focuses on treating the root cause—not just the symptoms.
How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
There is no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis involves a combination of evaluations:
- Detailed medical history
- Menstrual cycle assessment
- Physical examination
- Blood tests to measure hormone and insulin levels
- Pelvic ultrasound to examine ovaries
- Ruling out other conditions such as thyroid disorders
Early diagnosis plays a key role in preventing long-term health risks.
Effective PCOS Treatment Options
PCOS treatment is personalized based on symptoms, age, and fertility goals.
1. Medical Treatment
- Hormonal medications to regulate menstrual cycles
- Medicines to manage insulin resistance
- Ovulation-inducing medications for women planning pregnancy
2. Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle changes are often the foundation of PCOS management:
- Balanced, low-glycemic diet
- Regular physical activity
- Weight management
- Stress reduction
- Adequate sleep
Even a modest weight loss can significantly improve hormonal balance and ovulation.
3. Nutritional & Supplement Support
Under medical guidance, supplements like inositol, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids may help support hormone balance.
Long-Term Health Risks of PCOS
If left unmanaged, PCOS may increase the risk of:
- Type 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Metabolic syndrome
- Endometrial (uterine) cancer
Regular monitoring and preventive care can greatly reduce these risks.
When Should You See a Doctor for PCOS?
You should consult a gynecologist if you experience:
- Persistent irregular periods
- Excess hair growth or acne
- Sudden weight gain
- Difficulty conceiving after 6–12 months
- Symptoms of insulin resistance or pre-diabetes
Early intervention leads to better health outcomes.
PCOS Care at Deepa Hospital, Chennai
At Deepa Hospital, women receive compassionate, evidence-based care for PCOS and related conditions.
Our approach includes:
- Comprehensive hormonal evaluation
- Advanced diagnostic facilities
- Personalized treatment plans
- Lifestyle and nutritional counseling
- Fertility and preconception support
- Continuous follow-up and guidance
We believe every woman deserves clear answers and confident care.
Conclusion
PCOS is a common condition, but it does not define your future. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and supportive care, women with PCOS can manage symptoms, protect long-term health, and achieve successful pregnancies.
If you are experiencing symptoms or planning a pregnancy, seeking expert care can make all the difference.